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InTroduction

People living in rural and remote areas of Canada generally have poorer health and shorter life expectancies than those living in urban centres[1]. It is often difficult for rural and northern communities to access basic healthcare as most of these areas have few or no healthcare providers

that can provide basic needs, let alone specialized services [1]. This means that Canadians living in remote areas either must travel long distances for proper medical services or get no care at all [1].In Canada, this issue disproportionately affects the Aboriginal population as approximately 50% live in rural and remote locations [2]. It is important for individuals living in these areas to have access to treatment options in their own communityThe use of remote surgery or remote mentoring of physicians could be a potential solution to this problem. With research, this technology may allow specialists to direct a general physician, nurse, or even someone with no medical background to perform procedures themselves [3].To operate and control the instruments, a variety of sensors such as haptic, position, force, and many more are embedded into the robotic surgical system. These sensors translate the movement of a specialist into tasks performed by the robotic system elsewhere [4]. One of the important tasks in surgery includes sterilization of the equipment used in order to removemicrobes, spores, and viruses. Sterilization is commonly performed by autoclaves; a process inwhich instruments are placed in a container that allows exposure to pressurized steam.

References

[1] Newfoundland and Labrador Medical Association, “Rural Health Care”. [Online]. Available: https://nlma.nl.ca/News-And-Events/Media/Fact-Sheets. [Accessed Aug 31, 2020].
[2] Social Determinants of Health, “Social Determinants of Health, “Access to Health Services as a Determinant of First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health”. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed Aug 31, 2020].https://www.nccih.ca/docs/determinants/FS-AccessHealthServicesSDOH-2019-EN.pdf. [Accessed Aug 31, 2020].
[3] Dotto L. “Long-distance surgery” [Internet]. The Globe and Mail Canada; 2004 Oct 2. Available from: . [Accessed Aug 31, 2020].https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/science/long-distance-surgery/article4220774/. [Accessed Aug 31, 2020].
[4] J.M. Gomez-de-Gabriel and W. Harwin, “Evaluation of Sensor Configurations for Robotic Surgical InstrumentsJ.M. Gomez-de-Gabriel and W. Harwin, “Evaluation of Sensor Configurations for Robotic Surgical Instruments”, Sensors (Basel), vol. 15, no. 10, Oct, 2015. doi: 10.3390/s151027341.
[5] Centres for Disease Control and Preventation, “Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities (2008)”. [Online]. Available:
https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/sterilization/steam.html. [Accessed Aug 31, 2020].

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